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Often patients clinically present with acute respiratory failure. In most cases patients with NP have fever, cough and bad breath, and those with more indolent infections have weight loss. In necrotizing pneumonia, there is a substantial liquefaction following death of the lung tissue, which may lead to gangrene formation in the lung. Main article: Necrotizing pneumonia Necrotizing pneumonia (NP), also known as cavitary pneumonia or cavitatory necrosis, is a rare but severe complication of lung parenchymal infection. With dust pneumonia, dust settles all the way into the alveoli of the lungs, stopping the cilia from moving and preventing the lungs from ever clearing themselves. Dust pneumonia Dust pneumonia describes disorders caused by excessive exposure to dust storms, particularly during the Dust Bowl in the United States. Aspiration is a leading cause of death among hospital and nursing home patients, since they often cannot adequately protect their airways and may have otherwise impaired defenses. The resulting lung inflammation is not an infection but can contribute to one, since the material aspirated may contain anaerobic bacteria or other unusual causes of pneumonia. Aspiration pneumonia Aspiration pneumonia (or aspiration pneumonitis) is caused by aspirating foreign objects which are usually oral or gastric contents, either while eating, or after reflux or vomiting which results in bronchopneumonia. When the toxic substance is an oil, the pneumonia may be called lipoid pneumonia.
#Types of phenomena skin#
Chemical pneumonia Chemical pneumonia (usually called chemical pneumonitis) is caused by chemical toxicants such as pesticides, which may enter the body by inhalation or by skin contact. Eosinophilic pneumonia often occurs in response to infection with a parasite or after exposure to certain types of environmental factors. Eosinophilic pneumonia Eosinophilic pneumonia is invasion of the lung by eosinophils, a particular kind of white blood cell. It is also known as cryptogenic organizing pneumonitis (COP). Bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia Bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia (BOOP) is caused by inflammation of the small airways of the lungs. Attempting to make this distinction based on symptoms, however, has not been found to be accurate, and The American Thoracic Society does not recommend its use.
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Pneumonia has historically been characterized as either typical or atypical depending on the presenting symptoms and thus the presumed underlying organism. VAP is pneumonia which occurs after at least 48 hours of intubation and mechanical ventilation. Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is a subset of hospital-acquired pneumonia. Because individuals with hospital-acquired pneumonia usually have underlying illnesses and are exposed to more dangerous bacteria, it tends to be more deadly than community-acquired pneumonia. Hospital-acquired microorganisms may include resistant bacteria such as MRSA, Pseudomonas, Enterobacter, and Serratia. Additionally, the microorganisms a person is exposed to in a hospital are often different from those at home. Hospitalized patients may have many risk factors for pneumonia, including mechanical ventilation, prolonged malnutrition, underlying heart and lung diseases, decreased amounts of stomach acid, and immune disturbances. Up to 5% of patients admitted to a hospital for other causes subsequently develop pneumonia. The causes, microbiology, treatment and prognosis are different from those of community-acquired pneumonia. Hospital-acquired pneumonia, also called nosocomial pneumonia, is pneumonia acquired during or after hospitalization for another illness or procedure with onset at least 72 hrs after admission. Main article: Hospital-acquired pneumonia
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